Docker命令（四）
1.帮助命令
docker version # docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
docker --help # 显示所有docker命令
2.镜像命令
- docker images 查看所有本地主机的镜像
[root@hecs~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id
- docker search 搜索镜像
[root@hecs~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9686 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3523 [OK]
# 可选项，通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
# 执行结果
[root@hecs ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9686 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3523 [OK]
- docker pull 下载镜像，后面一般加版本号
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名 [:tag]
[root@hecs ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag 版本，默认就是最新的
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 这两个代码等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@hecs~]# docker pull mysql:8.0
8.0: Pulling from library/mysql
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0
- docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id # 通过id删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id # 通过id删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
3.容器命令
- 说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
- 新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
#测试
[root@2fc2a4826a82 /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 启动并进入容器
# 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令是不全的
[root@2fc2a4826a82 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器退回主机
[root@2fc2a4826a82 /]# exit
exit
- docker ps 列出所有运行中的命令
docker ps # 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a # 列出当前运行的容器 和 曾运行过的容器
docker ps -a -n=? # 列出最近创建的容器
docker ps -aq # 只显示容器的编号
[root@hecs ]# docker ps # 列出正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@hecs ]# docker ps -a # 列出当前运行的容器 和 曾运行过的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2fc2a4826a82 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago mystifying_kowalevski
[root@hecs~]# docker ps -aq # 只显示容器的编号
2fc2a4826a82
- 退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + p + Q # 容器不停止退出
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id # 强制删除容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 递归删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
- 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
4.常用命令
- 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
docker run -d centos
# 问题 docker ps，发现centos停止了
#常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动关闭
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有进程了
- 查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器 ，没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo violet;sleep 1;done"
# 执行结果
[root@hecs~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
a4be9897af89 centos
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail 数字 # 要显示日志的数量
[root@hecs ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a4be9897af89
- 查看容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@hecs ~]# docker top a4be9897af89
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
root 13466 13450 0 13:39 ? 00:00:00
root 13871 13466 0 13:45 ? 00:00:00
- 查看镜像的元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@hecs ~]# docker inspect a4be9897af89
[
{
"Id": "a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32",
"Created": "2020-06-29T05:39:59.073122824Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo violet;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 13466,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-29T05:39:59.494363561Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32/a4be9897af89f402e04c205f9f6b6097c7c207a940565ac104ef54c3bf35eb32-json.log",
"Name": "/wizardly_pike",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b071452c71b9fd6dfb15b5d9a463808028508f677d4d8f1be1c4f3b2cf303c39-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e51580ac4e83d2a54b4eb7fc656342a1b8a4de7c94d1b700e38d8272958f0f3/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b071452c71b9fd6dfb15b5d9a463808028508f677d4d8f1be1c4f3b2cf303c39/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b071452c71b9fd6dfb15b5d9a463808028508f677d4d8f1be1c4f3b2cf303c39/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b071452c71b9fd6dfb15b5d9a463808028508f677d4d8f1be1c4f3b2cf303c39/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "a4be9897af89",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo violet;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "9afc30c3fd63abde667b2424475711afc20cd61cf2036b98377d9215858dfe07",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9afc30c3fd63",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e9c8632c1520fe7cb3fa1cf3d968a431d4e56c7cc0f037a406b09a6038568558",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "1b1009c8e0924f6d8da035fa8580632962e96ad1e2d43a1c6308a0fc98883548",
"EndpointID": "e9c8632c1520fe7cb3fa1cf3d968a431d4e56c7cc0f037a406b09a6038568558",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
- 进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@hecs ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a4be9897af89 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes wizardly_pike
[root@hecs ~]# docker exec -it a4be9897af89 /bin/bash
[root@a4be9897af89 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@a4be9897af89 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 05:39 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo violet;sleep 1;done
root 795 0 1 05:53 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 818 1 0 05:53 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 819 795 0 05:53 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@hecs ~]# docker attach a4be9897af89
正在执行当前代码...
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
[root@hecs home]# docker cp a49f0237565f:/home/text.txt /home
[root@hecs home]# ls
text.txt violet.txt www
5.小结
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